Discovering characteristics of the paradoxical thinking capability
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2025-07-04
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en
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Abstract
In today’s environment, organiza?ons face recurring tensions on a daily basis. While some
organiza?ons find it difficult to manage these tensions, others seem to navigate them
successfully. This study aims to explore how some organiza?ons can balance these tensions,
by using four key capabili?es also referred to as building blocks: technical systems, skills and
knowledge, managerial systems, and norms and values. Together, they form what is called
paradoxical thinking. Paradoxical thinking is the ability to accept, embrace and be energized
by contradic?ng demands. This cogni?ve capability allows for “both/and” thinking instead of
“either/or”. This study aims to opera?onalize the four building blocks, by empirically analyzing
each of them. In this research twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted across five
organiza?ons. Through this mul?ple case study, data reveals that paradoxical thinking is not a
sta?c trait but a dynamic capability that follows a pa^ern of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring.
The findings show how each building block is enacted in prac?ce and highlight the central role
of norms and values, which is the underlying mechanism connec?ng all building blocks. Key
enablers include decision-making structures, training programs, reflec?on prac?ces,
knowledge sharing and storing, and a psychological safe environment.
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Faculteit der Managementwetenschappen