Simulating and classifying EEG scalp data for code-modulated visual evoked potential brain computer interfaces
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2022-07-06
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en
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Objective. Within the field of brain-computer interface (BCI) research, a common challenge
is the lack of ground truth data. Additionally, a BCI typically requires a calibration session in
order to reach strong performances with new users, which increases the amount of time
required to performexperiments. In this study, a simulation framework is implemented as a
forward model which could generate EEG data artificially, in order to investigate whether
simulated data could be used instead of empirical data when trainingmachine learning
methods. Approach. Four versions of a forward model were implemented. Furthermore, two
inverse models were implemented, namely a reconvolutionmodel using canonical
correlation analysis and an EEGNet model. These inverse models were trained to classify the
classes of c-VEP data, using either empirical data or simulated data, followed by a
performance evaluation by testing on empirical data. Main results. By training inverse
models on data generated with a forward model, the inverse models can learn to classify
empirical c-VEP data to a certain extent which surpasses chance level. However, this
performance is not yet at a level where it can be used in real life applications. Significance.
This study shows that it is possible to achieve performances higher than chance level on
empirical data by using machine learning techniques that were trained using simulated data.
Further improvement of the forward models that were used in this study could potentially
reduce the amount of empirical data that is needed in future studies within the field of
VEP-based BCI.
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Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen