The involvement of demographics within the 15-Minute City

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dc.contributor.advisorLagendijk, Arnoud
dc.contributor.advisorVelde, van der, Martin
dc.contributor.authorDirckx, Tom
dc.date.issued2024-07-03
dc.description.abstractMunicipalities struggle with the sustainable development of cities when population growth is high and providing sufficient amenities to meet these population needs. Therefore, Carlos Moreno's theory of the 15-minute city (2021) offers a potential solution by ensuring that all necessary amenities are within a 15-minute walking or cycling distance from every home and eliminating the inconvenience of distance. The 15-minute city aims at the sustainable development of cities, where amenities are accessible to everyone, thus reducing spatial and social inequalities. However, implementing the 15-minute city concept is not straightforward due to a lack of demographic data, design standards, and accessibility scores. This makes it difficult to determine where and to what extent amenities should be provided and leading to potentially increased inequality. To address this issue, this research focuses on incorporating demographic information and design standards into the 15-minute city concept and examining its impact on amenity allocation specifically in Woensel West. The main question of this study is: ‘What is the effect of including demographics and design standards in the 15-minute city to allocating amenities in Woensel West?’ In additon to that, hypothesis also have been drawn up: H1: ‘The length of time someone lives in Woensel West affects the accessibility of the amenities within 15-minute walking and cycling distance’ and H1a: ‘There is a difference in the amenity accessibility between residents of social rented housing, compared to residents of private sector housing’. The 15-minute city concept is explored in a case study of the Woensel West neighbourhood in Eindhoven. The study assessed the demographics and design standards of the neighbourhood, conducted expert interviews, and surveyed the population. The survey results were analysed using the Pearsons' Chi-Squared test with SPSS. The population's satisfaction with the presence and accessibility of amenities, as well as their amenity needs within walking and cycling distance, were assessed. The findings indicated that there were a significant number of amenities within walking and cycling distance. However, there were disparities in accessibility and satisfaction with these amenities. Especially certain amenities that have a high demand and simulaniously have lower levels of satisfaction and accessibility. This reveales a certain prioritisation of amenities that could potentially decrease spatial and social inequality and promote sustainable urban development. Based on these results, it can be concluded that demographics and design standards are an essential contribution to the 15-minute city theory to reinforce the benefits of the concept. The research findings suggest that demographics, design standards, accessibility, satisfaction rates, and needs play a crucial role in placing amenities fairly and efficiently. Especially because it is essential to determine the suitable location and extent of amenities based on these factors. Additionally, the research emphasises the importance of certain amenities to meet the current and future needs of the population. Also, this research and its methods can be applied in other neighbourhoods. Finally, this study has some limitations, including a 90% confidence margin, and insufficient evidence for many calculations concerning some target groups. Suggestions for future research include conducting the Fishers' Test, or by collecting more respondents within the target groups. Moreover, the study did not consider the aspects of "living" and "working" in the context of the 15-minute city due to conceptual and practical limitations, thus implying the need for further research on the conceptualisation of these terms within the 15-minute city framework.
dc.identifier.urihttps://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/17448
dc.language.isoen
dc.thesis.facultyFaculteit der Managementwetenschappen
dc.thesis.specialisationspecialisations::Faculteit der Managementwetenschappen::Master Human Geography::Economic Geography
dc.thesis.studyprogrammestudyprogrammes::Faculteit der Managementwetenschappen::Master Human Geography
dc.thesis.typeMaster
dc.titleThe involvement of demographics within the 15-Minute City
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