Governance Ethics, Politics, and a Gene Editing Scandal Unfold: He Jiankui Case and Its Impact on Chinese Genetic Engineering Policy

Abstract

This article examines the controversy surrounding He Jiankui's genetically-modified babies in 2018 and the ethical and regulatory issues it raised surrounding gene-editing technology. While promising genetic diseases treatment, gene editing has raised concerns over human gene-pool manipulation and eugenics prophecy. Key actors in China, including He Jiankui, official institutions, the scientific community, and the public, have influenced the outcome and responses to this controversial case. This article highlights the complexities of normative and ethical frameworks in genetic engineering, raising questions about defining “treatment” versus “enhancement" and the development of inclusive, culturally sensitive legislation. The case represents an intersection of political philosophy and bioethics, showcasing a critical dynamic between scientific advancement, state ambition, capital interests, research integrity, and ethical consensus.