Jesus Christ as Warlord or Peacemaker
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2019-05-07
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en
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This thesis investigates the question how to explain the apparent contradiction in moral interpretation
between pope Urban II and pope Francis I with regard to the morality of public violence. Pope Urban II, who
proclaimed the first Crusade, allowed and positively valued the use of violence whereas current pope Francis I
appears to reject all violence. These two moral interpretations seem to be irreconcilable, which is impossible
according to the Catholic teaching of depositum fidei. To answer my research question, I explored a new
theory based upon the cultural memory theory of Jan Assmann and the social movement framing theory of
David Snow and Robert Benford. I argue that the interpretative difference can be explained by the framing of
different ‘background beliefs’ of the papal audience and conclude that there is no inconsistency in the Catholic
teachings, but rather the framing of a different selection within the Catholic cultural memory.
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Faculteit der Filosofie, Theologie en Religiewetenschappen