Virtual Leadership: The Relationship Between Job Demands and Organizational Outcomes
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2021-09-22
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en
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Abstract
In times of remote working and a lack of daily face-to-face interaction, virtual leadership is
increasingly important and poses several challenges for leaders. The present study examines
the relationship between job demands and various organizational outcomes among a sample
of virtual leaders of Deutsche Telekom Service GmbH. Of 1716 invited virtual leaders, 479
voluntarily completed an online questionnaire consisting of 33 closed-ended questions after
giving active consent to their participation. Results of 324 virtual leaders of the back office
and 155 of the sales force were compared. An ANCOVA and MANCOVA analysis were
performed using SPSS Statistics in order to test the hypotheses. Findings confirm that job
demands are related with task performance and job satisfaction. Higher levels of job demands
are associated with lower scores on both variables. Contrary to the hypothesis, the
relationship between job demands and work engagement was non-significant. Opposed to the
hypothesis, the relationships between job demands and all outcome variables was not
moderated by group. Similarly, work engagement does not moderate the relationship between
job demands and task performance. The present findings undermine the role of job demands
in the organizational context and highlight the relevance of further investigation of job
demands and strengthening of job resources in order to foster beneficial outcomes. Although
certain limitations are discussed, insights of this study can be used by organizations
comparable to the present one towards shaping and amplifying virtual collaboration and
leadership.
Keywords: Virtual leadership, job demands, engagement, job satisfaction
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Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen